Slovakia: IPI condemns violent attack on prominent media commentator

The International Press Institute (IPI) today unequivocally condemns the recent physical attack against well-known Slovak media commentator Peter Schutz, who was hospitalised and underwent surgery for a fractured femur after the violent assault in Košice.

13.01.2026

In the wake of the attack on 10 January, IPI calls on law enforcement authorities to swiftly establish the facts of the attack, utilise security camera footage to identify the suspected perpetrator and clarify whether the motive was linked to Schutz’s media work.

IPI also raises concern over the problematic response of some government officials, particularly the Minister of Interior Matúš Šutaj Eštok, who rather than simply denounce the event as an outright attack on a journalist, added comments which normalise or risk justifying violence against members of the press. We call on those elected officials to withdraw problematic elements from their online statements.

In a country scarred by the 2018 murder of investigative journalist Ján Kuciak and his partner, any physical violence against journalists in Slovakia should be immediately and unequivocally condemned by leading government figures, regardless of the victim’s political opinions.

Schutz, 70, has been a leading comment writer for the daily newspaper SME for decades and has also appeared on political talk shows. He has long provided commentary on political and social developments and has been strongly critical of the current government.

According to SME and media reports, Schutz was attacked by an unidentified assailant in the public restroom of a shopping mall in Košice, in eastern Slovakia, where he was struck on the head from behind and fell, fracturing a femur that required surgery. Schutz was later found by a passer-by. Police have opened an investigation.

IPI has reported the attack to the Council of Europe’s platform for the safety of journalists and has been in contact with the Slovak journalist safety platform and SME. We have also documented the case on the Mapping Media Freedom platform of the Media Freedom Rapid Response (MFRR), Europe’s largest database for press freedom violations.

In 2025, IPI monitoring documented 29 violations of media freedom in Slovakia. While this included serious verbal threats against journalists’ safety and a number of denigrating comments against media actors by political figures, there were no documented cases of serious physical assaults on journalists, which remain rare in Slovakia.

This statement was coordinated by IPI as part of the Media Freedom Rapid Response (MFRR), a Europe-wide mechanism which tracks, monitors and responds to violations of press and media freedom in EU Member States and Candidate Countries.

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Czechia: Media freedom groups urge Czechia’s government to uphold…

Czechia: Media freedom groups urge Czechia’s government to uphold public media’s independence

As Czechia’s new government prepares to reshape the funding and governance of its public broadcasters, press freedom groups caution that replacing the licence fee with state budget funding would expose ČT and ČRo to political pressure and weaken the editorial independence guaranteed under EU law.

12.01.2026

12 January 2026

Andrej Babiš, Prime Minister of the Czech Republic

Oto Klempíř, Minister of Culture of the Czech Republic

SUBJECT: Future of public media in Czechia

Dear Prime Minister Babiš and Minister of Culture Klempíř,

Ahead of this week’s parliamentary vote on your new government’s programme, which includes the provision to abolish the licence fee that funds Czechia’s public media, we, the undersigned national and international press freedom organisations, urge you to uphold the secure and viable funding of Czechia’s public media system, and refrain from implementing major overhauls which would undermine the organisations’ independence and the trust that audiences place in them.

Independent public service media are an essential cornerstone of democracies worldwide, producing impartial and accurate fact-based news and information, fostering an informed citizenry, and providing a universal service to all audiences.

Article 5 of the European Media Freedom Act (EMFA), in full force since August 2025, requires the European Union Member States including Czechia to “ensure that public service media providers are editorially and functionally independent and provide in an impartial manner a plurality of information and opinions to their audiences.” EMFA also obliges states to ensure public media have “adequate, sustainable and predictable financial resources”.

Despite the commitment to “preserve [the] independence” of the public service media expressed in the government’s programme, our organisations are concerned about the specific measures in the manifesto as well as by proposals put forward by some parties within your government ahead of the election.The following measures have the potential to undermine the independence of the Czech public media:

Replacing the licence fee with direct state budget funding;
Including Czech public media in the competence of the Supreme Audit Office.

Regarding the proposal to replace the licence fee, we note there are different positions within the government on this issue. We believe that transitioning from a licence fee funding model to one directly linked to the state budget increases the capacity for a government to exert financial pressure on public media, and use funding as a way of threatening the organisation’s output.

Although many independent public broadcasters are funded via this mechanism, there must be clear and effective guardrails in place which maintain their independence from government. EMFA Article 5 stipulates that “funding procedures for public service media providers are based on transparent and objective criteria laid down in advance. … Those financial resources shall be such that the editorial independence of public service media providers is safeguarded.”

Additionally, we are concerned that changing the funding model would undo the long-overdue funding increase that passed in 2025. It was the first funding increase in two decades for ČRo and 17 years for ČT. In an era marred by increased disinformation and geopolitical instability, public media needs to be properly financed to deliver the level of services that audiences expect and need. Lack of adequate funding results in declining services and contributes to a greater struggle for relevance.

While there is a political consensus on the legitimate proposal of your government to include the Czech public media in the competence of the Supreme Audit Office (NKÚ), we are concerned that a financial audit could be abused to exert political pressures on the broadcasters. We urge you to ensure that any financial audit is transparent, and isn’t instrumentalised to decrease public media’s budget, as has happened in Lithuania.

Overall, reforming public media can have serious implications. In Slovakia, the overhaul of RTVS – now named STVR – has seen greater direct government control in the governance affairs of the company. It led to the firing of the director general, and the disbandment of the board. In 2025, a close government ally was elected to the position of director general by the new board in a closed-door vote. However, the EMFA requires that the processes for appointing and dismissing heads of management or management boards guarantee public media’s independence.

ČT and ČRo retain the highest levels of trust amongst Czech citizens across all media companies and are a model for public service media in the region. We believe the proposed reforms, without strong and robust safeguards for editorial and organisational independence, pose clear risks.

Our organisations urge your new administration to uphold the independence of public media, to retain its current level of funding, and allow ČT and ČRo to flourish in their distribution of independent, fact-based news and information. We urge you to respect the essential pillars of public media as stipulated in EMFA.

Signed by:

Public Media Alliance (PMA)
International Press Institute (IPI)
Reporters Without Borders (RSF)
Free Press Unlimited (FPU)
European Centre for Press and Media Freedom (ECPMF)
European Federation of Journalists (EFJ)
Lobbio
Hlídač státu
Syndicate of Journalists of Czech Republic
OBC Transeuropa

This statement was coordinated by the Media Freedom Rapid Response (MFRR), a Europe-wide mechanism which tracks, monitors and responds to violations of press and media freedom in EU Member States and Candidate Countries.

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Lithuania: IPI warns over increasing pressure on independent public…

Lithuania: IPI warns over increasing pressure on independent public service broadcasting

Independent public service broadcasting in Lithuania is under increasing threat after the recent passing of a rushed legislative amendment which makes it easier to remove the director general of Lithuanian National Radio and Television (LRT), IPI warns today.

17.12.2025

IPI is increasingly concerned by the situation in Lithuania and calls on the European Commission to assess and comment publicly on the proposed changes to LRT law and their potential violations of the European Media Freedom Act (EMFA), ahead of the next vote.

Despite large public protests and against the warnings of international media freedom organisations, including IPI and MFRR partners, last week the parliament passed the first stage of a bill amending the LRT Law, which was brought forward by the ruling Nemunas Dawn party.

IPI warns that the proposed amendment, which lowers the threshold for voting to dismiss the director general, introduces a secret ballot for the procedure and removes the need for the removal to be justified by the public interest, would erode important defences against political pressure on LRT’s management.

It comes after a politically-motivated audit of LRT initiated by political parties. Although the audit found no major issues regarding LRT’s independence and operations, the ruling coalition instrumentalized the findings to push through changes to rules on the broadcaster’s management and financing.

The passing of the bill comes after the Seimas recently adopted an amendment to freeze LRT’s budget at 2025 levels until 2029, with the prospect of reducing its tax-based revenues thereafter. The budget change was disproportionate when compared to other cuts to the state budget.

The two initiatives combined point to increasing pressure on LRT in the wake of the audit and potentially undermine the country’s obligations under the EMFA – which sets out clear rules for the independent management and sustainable financing of public service media inside the bloc.

Article 5 of EMFA directly obliges Member States to ensure that procedures for the appointment and dismissal of PSM leadership “aim to guarantee the independence of the public service media” and, crucially, are transparent. The introduction of a secret ballot clearly violates this provision.

The staff of LRT went on strike on December 9 to protest against the changes, which they warn would “dismantle the safeguards that protect LRT’s independence.” The Lithuanian President has also raised concerns about the amendment and its impact on media freedom.

The bill was first debated by the Seimas on 27 November. A slightly altered version was passed in a first vote on December 11 in an urgent parliamentary procedure. This removed the possibility of conducting an impact assessment. The law has yet to be finally approved.

IPI and partner organisations have repeatedly raised concerns about the changes at LRT, which we stress now risk undermining Lithuania’s otherwise relatively healthy press freedom climate.

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Slovenia: Information Commissioner should cease procedure against investigative newsroom…

Slovenia: Information Commissioner should cease procedure against investigative newsroom Oštro

The International Press Institute (IPI) and the Slovene Association of Journalists (DNS) today sent a letter to the Information Commissioner of the Republic of Slovenia in regard to the ongoing inspection procedure against IPI member investigative newsroom Oštro.

17.12.2025

The inspection concerns the processing of personal data in the media outlet’s investigative and data journalism project, Asset Detector. Our organisations call on the Commissioner to review the process and discontinue this procedure, stressing that media should be able to carry out watchdog investigative reporting, including data-driven journalism, without facing unnecessary pressure.

The letter is published in full below.

Dr. Jelena Virant Burnik

Information Commissioner of the Republic of Slovenia

Dunajska cesta 22; SI-1000 Ljubljana

12 December 2025

Dear Dr. Jelena Virant Burnik,

We are writing to you on behalf of the International Press Institute (IPI), a global network of editors, media executives and leading journalists, and Slovene Association of Journalists (DNS) in regard to the ongoing inspection procedure against Oštro, Slovenia’s prominent investigative media organisation and a member of IPI.

Following communication with Oštro, it has come to our attention that the office of the Information Commissioner of the Republic of Slovenia recently opened a procedure against Oštro concerning the processing of personal data in the media outlet’s investigative and data journalism project, Asset Detector.

After carefully assessing its arguments and its potential impact on media freedom and investigative journalism in Slovenia, our organisation respectfully calls on you to review the process and discontinue this procedure.

Several GDPR articles were cited in the original request from the Information Commissioner as the legal basis, requesting from Oštro to provide information about its processing of personal data. These included Article 6 GDPR (lawfulness of processing), Articles 12–14 GDPR (informing data subjects), and Articles 15–22 GDPR (rights of data subjects, such as access, rectification, and erasure).

Any application of such GDPR provisions must be considered in the light of the nature of investigative journalism. Both Slovenian law and EU law recognize that journalists and media outlets are entitled to process personal data in the exercise of freedom of expression and for reporting on matters of public interest. The GDPR itself allows Member States to provide exemptions for journalistic purposes (Article 85), meaning that the obligations applicable to ordinary data controllers do not automatically apply to media organizations like Oštro.

Investigative and data journalism projects, such as the Asset Detector, that promote transparency and accountability, clearly serve the public interest and are vital for a functioning democracy. As noted by Oštro in its response to the Information Commissioner’s request, this form of data journalism, including the collection and analysis of datasets, is a common form of journalism in the digital age and is standard worldwide.

Especially noteworthy in this case is that Oštro anonymised the personal data of the named officials’ family members for publication, ensuring their privacy and the inability to connect the published data to individuals. The data was presented cumulatively as “family members’ assets” to avoid exposing them and disclosing them to the public. All published data was collected from public sources.

Oštro also has clearly defined reporting rules that are always accessible to the public. This includes a detailed description of how it obtains, verifies and updates data on its website. In all cases, including this one, the media outlet always directly contacts the public official concerned before publishing the data.

We further note that IPI also recently expressed our concern about the complaint the Ljutomer municipality recently submitted to the Specialised State Prosecutor’s Office regarding Oštro and have documented this complaint as a threat to media freedom in an alert published on our monitoring platform Mapping Media Freedom. An alert has also been published on the Council of Europe’s Platform for safety of journalists. IPI has also reached out to the Ljutomer municipality with a letter urging the authority to review their complaint.

We note finally that Oštro is a highly professional and respected media outlet which has a long track record of high-profile investigations, and collaboration on major global investigative projects. We therefore reiterate our call to discontinue the GDPR procedure against Oštro. Media outlets must be able to carry out watchdog investigative reporting, including data-driven journalism, without facing unnecessary pressure.

We remain open to further communication with you on this important matter.

Thank you for your consideration.

Sincerely,

International Press Institute (IPI)

Slovene Association of Journalists (DNS)

This letter was produced by IPI as part of the Media Freedom Rapid Response (MFRR), a Europe-wide mechanism which tracks, monitors and responds to violations of press and media freedom in EU Member States and Candidate Countries.

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Poland: Media Capture and EMFA Monitoring Report 2025

The International Press Institute (IPI) and the Media and Journalism Research Center (MJRC) today publish a new report examining media capture in Poland in 2025 and the country’s compliance with the European Media Freedom Act (EMFA).

16.12.2025

The report – the eighth in a new series of Media Capture Monitoring Reports for 2025 – reviews developments regarding media capture and control in Poland over the past year and assesses the country’s compliance with EMFA since the EU Commission’s regulation entered into full force in August 2025.

Download the Report

It concludes that EMFA has not yet been incorporated into Poland’s national media legislation. Following the October 2023 elections which raised hopes for the re-democratisation of public service media, a fairer distribution of state advertising, and stronger measures to promote media plurality, the current coalition government led by Prime Minister Donald Tusk has still not advanced with the amendment to the media law that would align national regulation with EMFA’s key principles.

Facing the obstacle of a presidential veto, much of the government’s overall media reform agenda has stalled or been limited, undermining broader media freedom progress.

Examining these issues in detail, the report provides recommendations on a variety of measures and policies necessary to address media capture in Poland and create a free, pluralistic and democratic media ecosystem, in line with EMFA provisions

This report is part of a broader series covering seven other EU countries: Bulgaria, Finland, Greece, Hungary, Romania, Slovakia and Spain.

IPI and MJRC will also publish an overview report, summarising major developments across the EU in the past year.

These reports are intended as a vital resource for media rights organizations, civil society groups, policymakers, and advocates dedicated to monitoring and fostering media freedom across the EU.

Download the Report

EXPLORE THE METHODOLOGY

For more information or media inquiries, please contact:

Jamie Wiseman, Senior Europe Advocacy Officer – IPI, jwiseman@ipi.media
Marius Dragomir, Project Editor – MJRC, mdragomir@journalismresearch.org

This report was coordinated by IPI as part of the Media Freedom Rapid Response (MFRR), a Europe-wide mechanism which tracks, monitors and responds to violations of press and media freedom in EU Member States and Candidate Countries.

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Hungary: IPI welcomes EU legal action over violations of…

Hungary: IPI welcomes EU legal action over violations of European Media Freedom Act

The International Press Institute (IPI) today welcomes the launching of legal action by the European Commission against Hungary over its systematic violation of new rules set out in the European Media Freedom Act (EMFA).

12.12.2025

On 11 December, the EU Commission announced it had opened an infringement procedure against Hungary for failing to comply with several provisions under EMFA, including non-interference in journalistic and media work, economic pressure, and inadequate protection of sources and digital communications.

It also found that Hungary fails to comply with requirements relating to the public service media, the transparency of media ownership, the assessment of media market concentrations, the allocation of state advertising, and independent media regulation.

These findings echo the recent conclusions of a new report by IPI and the Media and Journalism Research Center, which examined the non-implementation of EMFA in Hungary in 2025 through the lens of media capture.

Overall, the report assessed that no action has been taken by Hungarian authorities to align domestic law with the EMFA and that Hungary remains the EU Member State with the most sophisticated model of media capture ever developed within the bloc.

Rather than take any steps to implement the EMFA, the government of Prime Minister Viktor Orbán has framed it as a tool of foreign interference and challenged the regulation before the European Court of Justice seeking to have elements annulled.

IPI welcomes the EU Commission’s opening of legal action over the non-implementation of EMFA, which represents an important use of its new regulatory toolbox for safeguarding media freedom, independence and pluralism within the EU’s internal market.

The infringement proceedings will represent a key litmus test for the strength of the EMFA moving forward and will be closely watched by other EU member states. However, due to the lengthy nature of the legal process, questions remain over its impact. The EU should therefore use all tools at its disposal to protect free media and democratic values in Hungary.

Earlier this month, IPI and partners in the Media Freedom Rapid Response (MFRR) wrote to the EMFA-established European Board for Media Services to raise alarm about the recent acquisition of Hungary’s most-read tabloid newspaper by a pro-government media group and called on the newly established body to launch an assessment of the merger and its potentially negative impact on media pluralism in Hungary.

IPI will closely follow both procedures and continue to support the fight for a free, independent and pluralistic media ecosystem in Hungary.

In November, IPI joined a fact-finding visit of international media freedom organisations to Budapest, which concluded that press freedom and independent journalism in Hungary remain in a period of deep crisis ahead of the 2026 election, amidst an enduring climate of political harassment and demonization.

At IPI’s recent World Congress, Hungary’s independent media were named the recipient of the 2025 IPI-IMS Free Media Pioneer Award in recognition of their innovation, adaptation, and endurance under sustained political and economic pressure.

Hungary Media Capture Monitoring Report 2025

The International Press Institute (IPI) and the Media and Journalism Research Center (MJRC) today jointly launch a new series of Media Capture Monitoring Reports for 2025, with Hungary the first country report to be published.

Hungary: Media Capture Monitoring Report 2025

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Spain: Media Capture Monitoring Report 2025

The International Press Institute (IPI) and the Media and Journalism Research Center (MJRC) today publish a new report examining the level of media capture in Spain and the country’s compliance with the new European Media Freedom Act (EMFA) in 2025.

05.12.2025

The report – the seventh in a series of Media Capture Monitoring Reports for 2025 – reviews developments regarding media capture in Spain and assesses the country’s compliance with EMFA since the EU Commission’s regulation entered into full force in August 2025.

Download the Report

While other reports in the series are an update from the 2024 report, Spain is the newest country added to the series and provides a new assessment of media capture in the country through IPI and MJRC’s methodology.

The Spanish report focuses on EMFA elements directly addressing media capture: the independence of public service media and of media regulators, the misuse of state funds to influence media, and ensuring ownership transparency and media pluralism.

The report examines the standards prescribed by law and how they are currently implemented in practice. It also sets out the areas of reform needed to bring the country into line with EMFA while also making recommendations for where reform can go further.

Download the Report

EXPLORE THE METHODOLOGY

For more information or media inquiries, please contact:

Jamie Wiseman, Senior Europe Advocacy Officer – IPI, jwiseman@ipi.media
Marius Dragomir, Project Editor – MJRC, mdragomir@journalismresearch.org

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Open letter to Croatian Prime Minister Plenković: MFRR raises…

Open letter to Croatian Prime Minister Plenković: MFRR raises alarm over unlawful political pressure against weekly Novosti

Media Freedom Rapid Response (MFRR) consortium, expresses grave concern regarding recent statements by the Homeland Movement that targeted the weekly newspaper Novosti, the only print media for the Serb minority in Croatia.

05.12.2025

Dear Prime Minister of Croatia Andrej Plenković,

We, the Media Freedom Rapid Response (MFRR) consortium, express our grave concern regarding recent statements by the Homeland Movement that targeted the weekly newspaper Novosti, the only print media for the Serb minority in Croatia. Specifically, MP Mlinarić publicly announced the Homeland Movement’s intention to completely abolish state funding for Novosti starting in 2026. This statement followed reports by Novi List that the president of the Homeland Movement, Ivan Penava, had allegedly pressured minority members of the Council for National Minorities not to ‘protect the interests of Novosti’.

Such an announcement, including claims of political influence over the decisions of the Council for National Minorities, constitutes an unlawful interference in the independence of a public institution and a direct violation of the Constitutional Act on the Rights of National Minorities.

Financing of minority media must be conducted through an open public call and remain completely independent of political pressure in line with the European Media Freedom Act (EMFA).

The MFRR already issued a warning about political pressure after Novosti‘s 2025 budget was dramatically reduced by 35% compared to the previous year, despite a 13.3% increase in the Council for National Minorities’ overall annual budget. We viewed this reduction as being driven by the far-right Homeland Movement, which included calls for defunding the magazine in its election manifesto due to its critical reporting.

During our in-person mission to Croatia last May, the continuous targeting of Novosti was a crucial topic in our meetings, where we expressed absolute alarm at the rising signs of increased political pressure on the media and journalists.

Media freedom is not only a cornerstone of democracy but also an international obligation of the Republic of Croatia as a member state of the European Union. Political pressure on the media — especially on minority media — represents a serious breach of European standards and a threat to media pluralism.

An alert regarding the situation has already been submitted to the Mapping Media Freedom and the Council of Europe safety of journalists platform.

Therefore, we urge Croatian authorities to ensure the independence of the Council for National Minorities, guarantee the protection of minority media, and cease any form of political pressure on journalists and media outlets.

Signed by:

European Federation of Journalists (EFJ)
European Centre for Press and Media Freedom (ECPMF)
Osservatorio Balcani Caucaso Transeuropa (OBCT)
Free Press Unlimited (FPU)
ARTICLE 19 Europe
International Press Institute (IPI)

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Finland: Media Capture Monitoring Report 2025

The International Press Institute (IPI) and the Media and Journalism Research Center (MJRC) today publish a new report examining media capture in Finland in 2025 and the country’s compliance with the European Media Freedom Act (EMFA).

04.12.2025

The report – the sixth in a new series of Media Capture Monitoring Reports for 2025 – reviews developments regarding EMFA in Finland – a country with one of one of the healthiest climates for press freedom in the world.

Download the Report

While other country reports in the series so far highlight engrained challenges for media capture and either slow or delayed implementation of EMFA, Finland is among the EU countries to have made the most progress on aligning domestic laws with provisions laid out under EMFA and offers a positive example of EU-mandated media reform.

Overall, the Finnish media ecosystem does not suffer from media capture due to a combination of strong legislation, forceful regulatory systems and healthy political and business practices.

Instead, due to its strong track record in media, communication, and democracy, Finland is often classified as a “media welfare state,” where communication services are traditionally regarded as public goods and editorial independence is actively encouraged – significantly limiting the space for the problematic capture and control of media.

Implementation on EMFA in Finland started back in October 2024 has since resulted in the adoption of the Act on the Supervision of Media Markets and several amendments to existing laws, designed to ensure compliance with EMFA’s core provisions while introducing minimal additional changes.

The report concludes that, in practice, this implementation in Finland has resulted in targeted additions to national legislation that ensure compliance without extending regulation beyond the scope of EMFA’s main provisions.

This report is part of a broader series covering seven other EU countries: Bulgaria, Greece, Hungary, Poland, Romania, Slovakia and Spain.

IPI and MJRC will also publish an overview report, summarising major developments across the EU in the past year. The next reports will be published in the coming weeks.

These reports are intended as a resource for media rights organizations, civil society groups, policymakers, and advocates dedicated to monitoring and fostering media freedom across the EU.

Download the Report

EXPLORE THE METHODOLOGY

For more information or media inquiries, please contact:

Jamie Wiseman, Senior Europe Advocacy Officer – IPI, jwiseman@ipi.media
Marius Dragomir, Project Editor – MJRC, mdragomir@journalismresearch.org

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Ukraine: Peace plan must ensure accountability for crimes against…

Ukraine: Peace plan must ensure accountability for crimes against journalists

As negotiations continue over a peace plan to end the Russian war on Ukraine, Media Freedom Rapid Response (MFRR) and partner organisations strongly oppose any proposals on granting amnesty for potential war crimes committed in the course of Russia’s full-scale invasion, especially for those against journalists.

04.12.2025

Our organisations renew our demand that those responsible for the killing of at least 16 journalists, the serious injury of dozens more, as well as for other attacks on media infrastructure, are identified and held accountable for potential war crimes under international law and relevant domestic law. Investigations should rely, among other sources, on the expertise of Ukrainian journalists and media, who have already contributed to uncovering facts linked to potential war crimes targeting journalists.

We make this call in reaction to the initial 28-point plan proposed by the Trump administration that contained a provision giving “full amnesty” for all acts committed during the course of the war. While later reports suggest that this provision is no longer on the negotiating table, MFRR partners stress that any attempt to introduce blanket amnesty that covers potential war crimes committed against journalists, or civilians, would represent a severe breach of international law including international humanitarian law and relevant human rights obligations.

All warring parties must protect journalists, as civilians, during times of armed conflict, according to international humanitarian law. The deliberate targeting of journalists, as civilians, as well as media infrastructure, constitutes a war crime, and must be investigated as such under the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court (ICC) and relevant domestic law. Any form of amnesty for such violations would lack legal grounds.

In addition to supporting war crimes investigations by the ICC and the Ukrainian judiciary, our organisations endorse efforts by the Council of Europe (CoE) to establish a Special Tribunal for the Crime of Aggression against Ukraine, which would facilitate the investigation of crimes not covered by the mandate of the ICC. We urge CoE member states to accelerate the process of the creation of this tribunal, which should have all means at its disposal to conduct investigations into crimes committed in Ukraine, including those committed against journalists and the media.

Due to Russia’s full-scale invasion, at least 16 media workers have been killed while carrying out their professional duties covering this conflict – including Ukrainian journalist Victoria Roshchyna, who died after being tortured while in Russian captivity in 2024. Of these 16 media workers, some were executed, while others died from artillery fire or lately due to Russian first-person view (FPV) drone attacks. This includes French photojournalist Antoni Lallican, who was killed by a Russian FPV drone in eastern Ukraine in October 2025, and Ukrainian reporters Aliona Hramova and Yevhen Karmazin who were killed in another Russian drone attack in Donetsk region weeks later.

As of November 2025, the MFRR has also documented 53 cases in which Russian armed forces destroyed Ukrainian media infrastructure. We further note that peace discussions this month follow one of the deadliest periods for journalists in Ukraine since the start of Russia’s full-scale invasion in February 2022. As reported by monitoring bodies in Ukraine, this increase in targeted attacks on journalists wearing PRESS vests has created an increasingly dangerous security situation for journalists and media workers reporting from the front lines.

We therefore strongly urge all parties involved in peace deal discussions – including the U.S. and the E.U – not to agree to any measures granting amnesty for war crimes committed against journalists, as civilians. Any such concessions would dramatically undermine international treaties and international humanitarian law, set a dangerous legal precedent, and send a signal to the world that attacks against journalists and civilians can go unpunished.